When Tennessee received statehood in 1796 as the fifteenth state, it was a land on the frontier filled with individualists. Leaders such as Andrew Jackson were very active gamblers, playing many kinds of card games and also wagering on horse races. The heritage of wide-open community life did not last into the twentieth century. In the modern era, horse-race betting was legalized; however, tracks were not economically viable, and all of them closed before the 1990s. Charitable gambling is not permitted, although it has taken several police crackdowns to stop many of the games. The state has no lottery, nor does it permit any other gambling. In 2000, Tennessee was one of only three states without any active form of legalized gambling.